商业研究

商业研究

• 经济学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国非农部门单位劳动力成本动态测度及区域差异

沈勇涛1,2，周强3   

  1. （1.武昌理工学院 商学院，武汉 430223；2.武汉大学 财政金融研究中心，武汉 430072； 3.中南财经政法大学 经济学院，武汉 430073）
  • 收稿日期:2017-07-09 出版日期:2017-11-16
  • 作者简介:沈勇涛（1984-），男，武汉人，武昌理工学院商学院讲师，武汉大学财政金融研究中心博士研究生，研究方向：公共服务和经济增长；周强（1989-），男，四川自贡人，中南财经政法大学经济学院讲师，研究方向：经济增长与贫困理论。

Dynamic Measurement and Regional Difference of Unit Labor Cost in Non-agriculture Sector of China

SHEN Yong-tao1,2,ZHOU Qiang3   

  1. (1.School of Business,Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China; 2.The Centre of Finance Research, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; 3.School of Economics, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China)
  • Received:2017-07-09 Online:2017-11-16

摘要： 随着我国经济步入新常态，经济增长与全要素生产率增长呈下滑态势，而提高全要素生产率重在降低单位劳动力成本。本文利用全国及部分主要地区1995-2014年的数据测度我国非农部门单位劳动力成本及其变化，并选取中部和东部7个代表性省份（市）进行比较分析。研究表明：全国非农部门工资提升速度超过了劳动生产率增加速度，单位劳动力成本步入上升时期。这主要由东部地区这一情况比较突出，且其经济体量占比较大，因而在一定程度上影响了这一结果。中部非农部门的单位劳动力成本基础较高，但增长相对缓慢，且中部劳动生产率上升速度超过工资增长水平，致使中部单位劳动力成本相对下降、竞争力和发展质量不断提升，且与东部呈不断缩小趋势。提高劳动生产率、实现创新驱动是缓解单位劳动力成本上升压力的有效途径，东部地区在这方面有基础优势，而中部地区在这方面更有潜力。

关键词: 单位劳动力成本, 劳动生产率, 供给侧改革, 后发优势, 区域差异

Abstract: With economy of China is stepping into the “new normal”, both economic growth and TFP have presented a downward tendency. However, the key to improving TFP is to reduce the unit labor cost (ULC).This paper measures ULC of non-agriculture sector in China and its change with the data between 1995 and 2014, and compares ULC in 7 representative provinces in the central and eastern regions. The result shows that the rate of wages of non-agriculture sector increases faster than that of labor productivity in the nationwide, and ULC steps into a long-term increase,which is due to the situation in the eastern region is more prominent, and its economic volume accounted for a large proportion, which greatly affected the results; ULC of non-agriculture sector in central regions is higher, but growth is relatively slow, and the labor productivity in Central China has risen faster than the level of wage growth, resulting in the relative decline of unit labor cost in Central China, and its competitiveness and quality of development have been continuously improved. Improving labor productivity is an effective way to alleviate the pressure of unit labor costs. In this respect, the eastern region has the basic advantages, and the central region has more potential.

Key words: ULC, labor productivity;reform of the supply front;advantages of backwardness;regional difference