商业研究

商业研究

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低保制度提升贫困群体主观幸福感、获得感、安全感了吗？ ——基于CFPS面板数据的实证分析

张栋   

  1. （中国人民大学 公共管理学院，北京 100872）
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-17 出版日期:2020-07-20
  • 作者简介:张栋（1988-），男，济南人，中国人民大学公共管理学院博士研究生，研究方向：收入与社会保障。
  • 基金资助:
    中国人民大学“中央高校建设世界一流大学（学科）和特色发展引导专项资金”资助。

Does the Subsistence Allowance System Improve the Sense of Subjective Well-being, Acquisition and Security of the Poor? An Empirical Analysis based on CFPS Panel Data

ZHANG Dong   

  1. （School of Public Administration and Policy，Renmin University of China，Beijing 100872，China）
  • Received:2019-11-17 Online:2020-07-20

摘要： 本文使用2012和2014年中国家庭追踪调查构建两期平衡面板数据，基于主观福利研究视角，运用PSM-DID估计方法系统性评估与分析低保制度对贫困群体主观幸福感、获得感、安全感的影响效应。研究发现：低保制度能够改善贫困群体生活满意度，提升其主观幸福感；低保制度能够在基本生活、医疗、教育保障以及贫富差距问题方面提升贫困群体主观获得感，但对教育保障的影响效应并不显著；低保制度降低了贫困群体对未来的信心及亲友的信任程度，未能提升贫困群体主观安全感；在城乡、区域之间低保制度对贫困群体主观幸福感、安全感的影响效应较为均衡，但对主观获得感的影响效应存在显著差异性。根据本文的研究结论，中国的城乡低保制度的内容、方式、水平都应随着经济社会的发展而得到同步的拓展与提升，新时代更需注重满足城乡贫困群体的精神需求，并努力解决低保制度在城乡及区域间不平衡发展的问题。

关键词: 低保制度, 贫困, 主观幸福感, 主观获得感, 主观安全感

Abstract: This paper uses the 2012 and 2014 China Family Tracking Survey to construct two balanced panel data. Based on the perspective of subjective welfare research, the PSM-DID estimation method is used to systematically influence the impact of the subsistence allowance system on the subjective well-being, acquisition and security of the poor. The study found that: the subsistence allowance system can improve the life satisfaction of poor groups and enhance their subjective well-being; the subsistence allowance system can enhance the subjective sense of poverty among the poor in terms of basic living, medical care, education security, and the gap between the rich and the poor,however, the impact on education security is not significant; the subsistence allowance system reduces the confidence of the poor in the future and the trust of relatives and friends, and fails to improve the subjective security of the poor;between urban and rural areas,the effect of the subsistence allowance system on the subjective well-being and security of the poor groups is relatively balanced, but there are significant differences in the effects of subjective perception.According to the research conclusion of this paper, the content, mode and level of China′s urban and rural minimum living security system should be expanded and improved with the development of economy and society. In the new era, we should pay more attention to meet the spiritual needs of urban and rural poor groups, and strive to solve the problem of unbalanced development of the system in urban and rural areas and among regions.

Key words: subsistence allowance system, poverty, subjective well-being, subjective acquisition, subjective security