Abstract: This paper revolves around the debate of “basic goodness” and “practical ability”of John Rolls and Sen′s(Amartya Sen) distributive justice theory and thinks that Sen′s distributive justice theory is more reasonable,because it takes a face to the reality of the actual research method and focuses on the comparison of reality;the similarities of the two theories lie in avoiding utility comparison problem, concerning non income factors, attenting social vulnerable groups and individual diversity characteristics, and the differences lie in pursuing freedom standard is different，the index range is different, the application to the object of distinction principle is different and the purpose of the theory is different. With the guidance of Marx′s dialectical thought, this paper makes the Philosophical critics of the two theories,and summarizes the complementary of the two theories, to explore effective countermeasures governing China′s gap between rich and poor from distribution system and policy.

Key words: distributive justice, gap between rich and poor, basic goodness, practical ability